Pernicious anemia. From past to present. / Anemia perniciosa. Del pasado al presente.

Pernicious anemia is currently the most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency in Western countries. The histological lesion upon which this condition is based is autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis. The destruction of parietal cells causes a deficiency in intrinsic factor, an essential protein for vitamin B12 absorption in the terminal ileum. Advances in the last two decades have reopened the debate on a disease that seemed to have been forgotten due to its apparent simplicity. The new role of H. pylori, the value of parietal cell antibodies and intrinsic factor antibodies, the true usefulness of serum vitamin B12 levels, the risk of adenocarcinoma and gastric carcinoids and oral vitamin B12 treatment are just some of the current issues analyzed in depth in this review.

Masa mediastínica en paciente cirrótico / No disponible

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[Cystic fibrosis presenting as acute recurrent pancreatitis]. / Pancreatitis aguda recidivante como forma de presentación de fibrosis quística.

Cystic fibrosis is a multiorgan autosomal recessive disease resulting from mutations in a gene located on the long arm of chromosome 7. The disease is usually diagnosed in the first few years of life when it typically presents with severe pulmonary manifestations and pancreatic insufficiency; however, a small percentage of patients with less dramatic symptoms is not diagnosed until adolescence or even adulthood. The genotype of each patient seems to influence the various forms of clinical presentation. Although uncommon, acute recurrent pancreatitis can be one of the forms of delayed presentation of cystic fibrosis. We report the case of an 17-year-old man who was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis after presenting 2 episodes of acute pancreatitis without associated pancreatic insufficiency. Subsequent study also revealed nasal polyps.

Pancreatitis aguda recidivante como forma de presentación de fibrosis quística / Cystic fibrosis presenting as acute recurrent pancreatitis

La fibrosis quística (FQ) es una enfermedad multiorgánica autosómica recesiva consecuencia de mutaciones existentes en un gen del brazo largo del cromosoma 7. La mayor parte de los casos se diagnostica durante los primeros años de vida, cuando la enfermedad se presenta de forma típica con manifestaciones pulmonares graves e insuficiencia pancreática, pero un pequeño porcentaje de pacientes no se diagnostica hasta la adolescencia e incluso la edad adulta, por presentar cuadros clínicos menos floridos. El genotipo de cada paciente parece influir en las diferentes formas clínicas de presentación de la enfermedad. La pancreatitis aguda recidivante, aunque poco frecuente, puede ser una de las formas de presentación tardía de la FQ. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 17 años que fue diagnosticado de FQ tras presentar 2 episodios de pancreatitis aguda, sin insuficiencia pancreática asociada. También se detectaron en el estudio posterior pólipos nasales

Cystic fibrosis is a multiorgan autosomal recessive disease resulting from mutations in a gene located on the long arm of chromosome 7. The disease is usually diagnosed in the first few years of life when it typically presents with severe pulmonary manifestations and pancreatic insufficiency; however, a small percentage of patients with less dramatic symptoms is not diagnosed until adolescence or even adulthood. The genotype of each patient seems to influence the various forms of clinical presentation. Although uncommon, acute recurrent pancreatitis can be one of the forms of delayed presentation of cystic fibrosis. We report the case of an 17-year-old man who was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis after presenting 2 episodes of acute pancreatitis without associated pancreatic insufficiency. Subsequent study also revealed nasal polyps

Compresión gástrica extrínseca simulando un tumor submucoso: diagnóstico por ecoendoscopia / Submucosal impression of the stomach like a submucosal tumour: diagnosis by endoscopic ultrasound

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[Choledocholithiasis in non-cholecystectomized patients: endoscopic sphincterotomy and afterwards ... cholecystectomy?]. / Coledocolitiasis en pacientes no colecistectomizados: esfinterotomía endoscópica y después...colecistectomía?

Choledocholithiasis in patients with a gallbladder "in situ" is presently one of the most frequent indications of endoscopic sphincterotomy. The crucial problem of these patients is whether or not they require eventual cholecystectomy to avoid the risks of potential complications of cholelithiasis. Of the 39 patients (mean age 80.1 +/- 8.2 years) with choledocholithiasis and gallbladder "in situ" released from this hospital from October 1979 to December 1985 after a successful endoscopic sphincterotomy (expulsion, spontaneous or not, of gallstones), 33 (84.6%) have been followed-up for an average of 41.5 +/- 20.8 months (7-92 range). During this time only one patient (3%) developed acute cholecystitis that required cholecystectomy, and two (6%) denoted mild pains in the right upper quadrant, while the other 30 (91%) remained asymptomatic. Over these years 10 patients (30.3%) died from nonbiliary causes. In conclusion, in elderly or high surgical risk patients who present choledocholithiasis and gallbladder "in situ", endoscopic sphincterotomy is effective. Later cholecystectomy to prevent the complications of cholelithiasis would not be justified as a routine measure in most of these patients.

[Mesenteric venous thrombosis: a new case of favorable course using conservative treatment]. / Trombosis venosa mesentérica: un nuevo caso de evolución favorable con tratamiento conservador.

Mesenteric venous thrombosis (TVM) is an uncommon entity with a mortality without surgical treatment of virtually 100%. However, recently some cases have been reported of a good evolution with conservative treatment. We present a patient with mesenteric venous thrombosis diagnosed by arteriography who, after refusing surgical intervention, underwent parenteral nutrition and anticoagulant treatment. This case constitutes another proof that mesenteric venous thrombosis is not invariably fatal without surgical treatment.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (E.R.C.P.) and complicated hepatic hydatid cyst in the biliary tract.

A complicated hepatic hydatid cyst in the biliary tract is a cause of cholestasis that we must consider in an endemic geographical area. ERCP is a valuable technique for its diagnosis. In our experience, this eventuality represents 2.6% of the indications for ERCP in biliary diseases.